1. Rhytidophyllum auriculatum(一加勒比海伊斯帕尼拉特有的苦苣苔科植物)Rhytidophyllum vernicosum(原於加勒比海及南美洲北部的苦苣苔科植物)交的3D像。 (援用自原文)
3D image of a hybridization between Rhytidophyllum auriculatum and Rhytidophyllum vernicosum.
A team of researchers has created 3D models in order to gain a better understanding of the evolution of flowers.
了得更深入解花的演，一支研究人已建了3D模型。
A team of researchers from Montreal, including those from McGill University, the University of Montréal, and the Montreal Botanical Garden, are using photogrammetry – a technique commonly used to reconstruct landscape topography – to gain insights into the evolution of flowers.
一支自加拿大蒙特利市，包括那些自吉大、蒙特利大及蒙特利植物的研究人，正在使用影量法(一常用於重建景地形的技)，得花演化的洞察力。
This is the first time that photogrammetry has been used in the study of flowers, the results of which ave been published in the journal New Phytologist.
是首次，影量法被使用於花的研究。其成果，已被表於《新植物家》期刊。
Photogrammetry uses information gathered from photos taken from different angles. Thanks to the triangulation of common points present in the photos, it’s possible to reconstruct a 3D model of a flower. Colors are then applied to the 3D flower using information from the photos.
影量法使用，不同角度拍之照片收集的。由於，照片中存在之共同的三角量，重建花的3D模型，是可能的。然後，使用自照片的，色施加於此3D花上。
According to the researchers, photogrammetry has the potential to boost research on flower evolution and ecology by providing a simple way to access three-dimensional morphological data. Databases of flowers – or even of complete plants – could give scientists and the public a way to finally see the unique features of plant species that remained hidden from view.
根研究人的法，影量法具有，藉由提供一，取得三形的方法，增花演化及生之研究的力。花(甚至完整植物)的，能科家及公提供一，最看到，依然躲察之植物物特徵的方法。
“The variety of shapes and colors seen in the plant world are difficult to capture with simple photography. That’s why I became interested in adapting technological tools to capture the form of flowers,” says McGill University professor Daniel Schoen, who first had the idea of applying photogrammetry to flowers, while doing research at the Institut de recherche en biologie végétale.
在蒙特利植物生物研究所(the Institut de recherche en biologie végétale)行研究，最早有影量法用於花之想的吉大教授，Daniel Schoen宣：「於植物世界中，被看之形及色的多性，很使用的影捕捉。那是何我得感趣於，用技工具，捕捉花的形。」
“Understanding floral evolution is important because flowers are the principal drivers of plant diversification through speciation, a major determinant of plant biodiversity,” says Professor Schoen.
Schoen教授宣：「解花的演化很重要。因，花是透物形成(植物生物多性的一主要定因素)之植物多化的主要物。」
“Together, the team developed something we think will help advance our understanding of how flowers diversify in response to their interaction with pollinators. Thanks to our 3D models, it’s possible to admire flowers from every angle,” he says.
他宣：「同，了，我有助於提升，解有花，在其粉媒介之交互作用作出反，如何多化的西。由於我的3D模型，每一角度欣花，是可能的。」
Flowers are complex and extremely varied three-dimensional structures. Capturing their forms is important to understanding their development and evolution. 91 percent of flowering plants interact with pollinators to ensure their reproduction in a 3D environment.
花是且度多化的三物。捕捉它的形，於理解它的展及演化很重要。91%的花植物粉媒介交互作用，以保它在 3D境中的繁殖。
The morphology and colors of the flowers act like magnets on pollinators to attract them. Yet the 3D structure of flowers is rarely studied, the researchers explain.
花的形及色粉媒介，起如同磁般吸引它的作用。不，研究人解，花的3D很少被研究。
The use of photogrammetry has real advantages compared to other existing methods, in particular X-ray microtomography, which is by far the most widely used method to build 3D flower models, say the researchers.
此些研究人表示，其他有方法相下，影量法的使用，具有名符其的。特是，迄今最泛被使用，建花3D模型之方法的X-射微影。
“Photogrammetry is much more accessible, since it’s cheap, requires little specialized equipment, and can even be used directly in nature,” says Marion Leménager, a doctoral student in biological sciences at Université de Montréal and lead author of the study. “In addition, photogrammetry has the advantage of reproducing the colors of flowers, which is not possible with methods using X-rays.”
研究首要撰文人，加拿大蒙特利大，生物科方面的博士生，Marion Leménager宣：「影量法的取得容易得多，因它便宜，需少，且甚至能直接被使用於自然界。此外，影量法具有，使用X-射方法所不可能之再花色的。」
The first results, although imperfect, were enough to convince Leménager to devote a chapter of her thesis to it. “The method is not perfected yet,” she says. “Some parts of th flowers remain difficult to reconstruct in 3D, such as reflective, translucent or very hairy surfaces.”
然不完美，不此些最初的研究果，足以使Leménager其文的一章，用於影量法。她宣：「此方法尚不完善。於3D中，花的某些部分仍以重建，如反光、半透明或非常多毛的表面。」
“We have shown that photogrammetry works at least as well as more complicated and expensive X-ray methods for visible flower structures,” says University of Montréal professor Simon Joly, who conducts research at the Botanical Garden.
於蒙特利植物行研究的蒙特利大教授，Simon Joly宣：「我已，就可的花而言，影量法至少且昂的X- 射法一有效。
“Thanks to the living collections of the Montreal Botanical Garden, our study of plants from the Gesneriaceae family, like the African violet, demonstrates that 3D models produced using this technique allow us to explore a large number of questions about the evolution of flowers.”
多加拿大蒙特利植物的存收集，我自如非洲紫等，苦苣苔科植物的研究，使用技生的3D模型，使我得以探索，有花演化的大量。」
址：https://scitechdaily.com/the-hidden-secrets-of-flowers-understanding-floral-evolution/
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