The human cells, engineered to respond to blue light, influenced rat behavior when stimulated.
在遭到刺激，工程改造，光作出反的人胞，影了老鼠的行。
1. 一在老鼠部分大，出亮色光的人器官。 (援用自原文)
A human organoid glows bright green inside a section of a rat brain.
For the first time, researchers have successfully transplanted human neurons into the brains of baby rats, they report today (October 12) in Nature. The human cells formed connections with rat neurons and could be used to control the rats’ behavior.
研究人已首度成功，人神元移植到幼老鼠大中。他今日(2022年10月12日)表於《自然》期刊。此些人胞老鼠神元形成接，且能被用控制老鼠的行。
“It’s a very important . . . very cool study,” Yun Li, a molecular geneticist at the University of Toronto who was not involved in the research, tells MIT Technology Review. “The fact that they succeeded in many of these experiments is quite extraordinary.”
加拿大多多大，未研究的分子家，Yun Li告麻省理工院《科技》期刊：「是一非常重要…非常酷的研究。他於其中多，得成功的事，是相令人的。」
To perform human cell experiments, especially when studying the effects of certain drugs, scientists have developed models called organoids: tiny structures grown from stem cells that mimic the human brain or other organs. However, they can’t replicate the complexity of real human neuron development on their own, Science News reports.
了行人的胞，特是研究某些物的功效，科家已了，被器官的模型：也就是，模仿人或其他器官之胞，生出的微小物。不，美周刊《科新》期刊，它法自行，真人神元育的。
In a bid to further organoid development, scientists transplanted human cerebral organoids into the brains of days-old rat pups whose immune systems were tamped down so as not to reject the human cells.
在一步的器官上，科家人的大器官移植到，天大之免疫系遭抑制，以致於不排斥人胞的幼老鼠大中。
By using young rats rather than adults, the researchers hoped the cells would be integrated more smoothly and form more connections in the rats’ brains. Indeed, they report, the human neurons matured successfully, growing six times larger than neurons grown in a dish and forming connections with rat neurons via synapses.
藉由使用年幼老鼠，而不是成年老鼠。此些研究人期盼，些胞能更利地被整合，而在此些老鼠的大中，形成更多接。事上，他告，人神元成功地成熟，比在培皿中生的神元大六倍，且由突老鼠神元形成接。
“They’re just absolutely immense,” Stanford University neuroscientist and lead author Sergiu Paca tells Technology Review. “The cells have just moved to another level of maturation.”
首要撰文人，美史丹佛大神科家，Sergiu Paca告《科技》期刊：「它是限的。此些胞已入另一成熟段。」
To test whether the transplanted human neurons could affect the young rats’ behavior, Paca and the other researchers genetically altered the human cells using a technique called optogenetics, which allows cells to respond to light.
了被移植之人神元，是否能影幼老鼠的行。Paca及其他研究人利用一，使胞得以光作出反，被光的技，性改了此些人胞。
They then used a fiber optic cable to shine a blue light on the rat-integrated human neurons whenever they provided the rats with water. The rats rapidly began to associate the shining of the light with water: After just two weeks, they began to lick in anticipation of drinking when the light was shone.
之後，每老鼠提供水，他使用了光，光照射在被老鼠整合的人神元上。此些老鼠迅速始，光的照射水起：後，光照射，他始舔舐，期待喝水。
The study has brought up ethical questions regarding the treatment of animals.
研究已引了，多有待物的理。
“I do not think that it is ever—ever—ethically justified to treat animals as resources humans can exploit for human advantage,” Taimie Bryant, a professor of animal law at the University of California, Los Angeles, tells New Scientist.
美加州大洛杉分校的物法教授，Taimie Bryant告《新科家》期刊：「我不，了人的利益，物人可利用的源，在理上，一直是合理的。
“It seems to me that rats’ consciousness as it is, without human manipulation, is rather remarkable and that damaging a rat’s brain is emblematic of an attitude towards nature that imperils human and non-human animals’ prospects for continued life on Earth.”
在我看，老鼠的意，在有人操的情下，是相了不起的。破老鼠的大是一，朝向危及人及非人物，在地球上生存前景之自然度的象徵。」
Other experts voiced concern that the changes to the rat brain could open the door to advanced cognition in the lab animals. “It raises the possibility that you’re creating an enhanced rat that might have cognitive capacities greater than an ordinary rat,” Julian Savulescu, a bioethicist at the National University of Singapore, tells Technology Review.
其他家出了，老鼠大的改，於室物中，可能打高知之大的。新加坡立大的生物理家，Julian Savulescu告《科技》期刊：「它提升了，人正在造一，可能具有比普通老鼠更知能力之被增了的老鼠可能性。」
The rats in this study didn’t show any evidence of advanced cognition or human behavior, Paca tells Technology Review. Regardless of ethical concerns, he believes work like this could significantly advance drug development and help tackle complicated human disorders, he tells Science News.
Paca告《科技》期刊，此些於研究中的老鼠，有示出任何，增之知或人行的。他告《科新》期刊，不管理，他像的研究，可能著地促物，且有助於解的人疾病。
“Challenging disorders will require bold approaches,” he says. “We will need to build human models that recapitulate more aspects of the human brain to study these uniquely human conditions.”
他宣：「具有挑性的疾病，需要大的方法。我需要建立，概括更多人大面的人模型，研究此些特的人疾病。」
址：https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/researchers-transplant-human-neurons-into-rat-brains-70615
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