V2EX hypothesis testing

Hypothesis Testing

Definition / 释义

“假设检验”:一种统计推断方法,用样本数据来评估某个关于总体的假设(通常是原假设)是否有足够证据被拒绝,并据此做出决策。除这一常见统计含义外,在更广义语境中也可指“对假设进行检验/验证”的过程。

Pronunciation / 发音

/hapθss tst/

Examples / 例句

We used hypothesis testing to decide whether the new drug works better than the old one.
我们用假设检验来判断新药是否比旧药更有效。

After checking assumptions and correcting for multiple comparisons, the team applied hypothesis testing to evaluate whether the observed difference could be explained by chance alone.
在检查前提条件并进行多重比较校正后,团队使用假设检验来评估观察到的差异是否仅由随机因素造成。

Etymology / 词源

hypothesis 源自希腊语 hypothesis(“提出、假定的基础/前提”),在科学语境中指“待验证的假设”;testing 来自 test(“试验、检验”)。合在一起,“hypothesis testing”字面意思就是“对假设进行检验”,在现代统计学里特指以显著性水平、p 值等工具进行的决策框架。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文学与经典著作

  • Statistical Methods for Research Workers(R. A. Fisher)
  • The Design of Experiments(R. A. Fisher)
  • “On the Problem of the Most Efficient Tests of Statistical Hypotheses”(Neyman & Pearson,1933)
  • All of Statistics: A Concise Course in Statistical Inference(Larry Wasserman)
  • The Lady Tasting Tea: How Statistics Revolutionized Science in the Twentieth Century(David Salsburg)
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