V2EX confidence-interval

Confidence Interval

定义 Definition

置信区间:在统计推断中,用样本数据计算出的一个区间,用来在给定“置信水平”(如 95%)下估计总体参数(如总体均值、比例等)可能落入的范围。常见表达为“估计值 ± 误差范围”。(在不同语境下也可能指更一般的区间估计方法。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/kn.f.dns n.tr.vl/(美式常见)
/kn.f.dns n.t.vl/(英式常见)

例句 Examples

The doctor gave a confidence interval for the recovery rate.
医生给出了康复率的置信区间。

Using the bootstrap method, we computed a 95% confidence interval for the median, which was wider than expected due to the small sample size.
我们使用自助法(bootstrap)计算了中位数的 95% 置信区间,但由于样本量较小,这个区间比预期更宽。

词源 Etymology

confidence 源自拉丁语 confidere(“完全信任”),由 *con-*(“共同/加强”)+ fidere(“信任”)构成;interval 源自拉丁语 intervallum(“间隔/空隙”),由 *inter-*(“在……之间”)+ vallum(“栅栏/防线”)相关而来。作为统计术语,“confidence interval(置信区间)”在 20 世纪统计推断体系中逐步定型,常与 Neyman 等人在频率学派框架下提出的区间估计思想相关。

相关词 Related Words

文学与名著用例 Literary Works

  • All of Statistics: A Concise Course in Statistical Inference(Larry Wasserman)
  • An Introduction to Statistical Learning(Gareth James 等)
  • The Elements of Statistical Learning(Hastie, Tibshirani, Friedman)
  • Statistical Inference(Casella & Berger)
  • How to Lie with Statistics(Darrell Huff)
  • The Lady Tasting Tea: How Statistics Revolutionized Science in the Twentieth Century(David Salsburg)
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