V2EX sampling distribution

Sampling Distribution

释义 Definition(中文)

抽样分布:在统计学中,指对同一个总体用同一种抽样方法反复抽样时,某个统计量(如样本均值、样本比例、样本方差等)在所有可能样本上的取值所形成的概率分布。它用来描述统计量的随机波动,并为置信区间与假设检验提供基础。

发音 Pronunciation(IPA)

/smpl dstrbjun/

例句 Examples

The sampling distribution of the mean gets narrower as the sample size increases.
样本量增大时,均值的抽样分布会变得更集中(更“窄”)。

By the central limit theorem, under mild conditions the sampling distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution even when the population is not normal.
根据中心极限定理,在较弱条件下,即使总体并非正态,样本均值的抽样分布也会趋近于正态分布。

词源 Etymology(中文)

sampling 来自 sample(样本、抽样),表示“进行抽样的”;distribution 来自拉丁语词根 distribuere(分配、分布),在统计语境中指“概率分布”。合在一起字面即“(统计量的)抽样所产生的分布”,强调研究对象不是原始数据本身,而是“统计量在重复抽样下的分布”。

相关词 Related Words

文学/著作中的用例 Notable Works(中文)

  • Statistical Inference(Casella & Berger):在推导估计量性质与检验方法时系统使用“sampling distribution”概念。
  • Introduction to Mathematical Statistics(Hogg, McKean & Craig):以抽样分布为核心讲解点估计、区间估计与检验。
  • All of Statistics(Larry Wasserman):用抽样分布连接经典推断与现代方法(如自助法)。
  • Statistical Methods for Research Workers(R. A. Fisher):在早期统计推断框架中讨论统计量的抽样分布与显著性思想。
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