V2EX rate constant

Rate Constant

定义 Definition

速率常数:化学动力学中用来量化反应速率快慢的常数,通常记作 k;在给定温度下,它与反应物浓度的关系由速率方程决定,并常随温度变化(如符合阿伦尼乌斯方程)。

发音 Pronunciation

/ret knstnt/
/ret knstnt/

例句 Examples

The rate constant increases when the temperature rises.
温度升高时,速率常数会增大。

By plotting ln(k) versus 1/T, we can estimate the activation energy from the slope using the Arrhenius equation.
将 ln(k) 对 1/T 作图,我们可以用阿伦尼乌斯方程通过斜率估算活化能。

词源 Etymology

rate 来自拉丁语 rata(“计算、确定的”),引申为“比率、速度”;constant 来自拉丁语 constans(“恒定的、不变的”)。合起来 rate constant 字面意思就是“(反应)速率的恒定量”,在化学中专指速率方程中的常数 k(在特定条件下为常量,但会随温度等条件改变)。

相关词 Related Words

文学与经典作品中的用例 Literary Works

  • Atkins’ Physical Chemistry(《阿特金斯物理化学》)在化学动力学章节系统使用并推导速率常数 k
  • Chemical Kinetics(Keith J. Laidler,《化学动力学》)以速率常数为核心讨论机理、温度依赖与实验测定。
  • Physical Chemistry(P. W. Atkins & Julio de Paula,《物理化学》相关版本)在速率方程、阿伦尼乌斯作图等内容中频繁出现该术语。
  • Journal of Physical ChemistryJournal of the American Chemical Society 等期刊论文常用于描述实验或计算得到的反应速率参数(如“measured rate constant”“calculated rate constants”)。
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