V2EX particular integral

Particular Integral

释义 Definition

特解;特定积分(常指“微分方程的特解项”):在微分方程中,与“通解(complementary function / homogeneous solution)”相对,特解是满足非齐次方程的某一个具体解(或通解中由外力/输入项决定的那部分)。在一些英式教材传统中也常简写为 PI

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/ptkjlr ntrl/

例句 Examples

We first find the complementary function, then the particular integral.
我们先求通解的齐次部分(互补函数),再求特解。

Using variation of parameters, she computed a particular integral that matches the forcing term and then added it to the homogeneous solution to form the general solution.
她用参数变易法求出与外力项相匹配的一个特解,并把它与齐次解相加得到通解。

词源 Etymology

particular 来自拉丁语 particularis,表示“个别的、特定的”;integral 来自拉丁语 integer(“完整的”),在数学语境中引申为“整体/积分相关的概念”。“particular integral” 作为术语主要用于微分方程:强调这是“某个具体的(particular)解的部分”,用来与“互补函数/齐次解”区分。

相关词 Related Words

文学与名著用例 Literary Works

  • Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems(Boyce & DiPrima)在非齐次线性微分方程章节中使用“particular integral/particular solution”讨论通解结构。
  • Advanced Engineering Mathematics(Erwin Kreyszig)工程数学中求解常微分方程时出现该术语及其缩写 PI。
  • A First Course in Differential Equations with Modeling Applications(Dennis G. Zill)以建模例题说明“互补解 + 特解(particular integral)”的解法框架。
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