V2EX significance level

Significance Level

Definition / 释义

显著性水平:在假设检验中,研究者事先设定的阈值(通常记作 α,如 0.05、0.01),表示在“原假设为真”时仍然误拒原假设的最大允许概率,即第一类错误(Type I error)概率上限。常用于判断 p-value 是否足够小从而拒绝原假设。

Pronunciation / 发音(IPA)

/snfkns lvl/

Examples / 例句

The significance level is 0.05.
显著性水平是 0.05。

Because the study tested multiple outcomes, the researchers lowered the significance level to reduce the chance of false positives.
由于研究检验了多个结果变量,研究者降低了显著性水平,以减少“假阳性”的概率。

Etymology / 词源

significance 源自拉丁语 significare(“表示、意味着”),经法语进入英语,含“重要性、意义”;在统计语境中引申为“结果是否足够‘显著’(不太可能由随机波动造成)”。level 表示“水平、层级”。组合成 significance level,即“判定显著性的预设阈值”。

Related Words / 相关词

Literary Works / 文献与著作中的用例

  • R. A. Fisher, Statistical Methods for Research Workers(《研究工作者的统计方法》)
  • Jerzy Neyman & Egon Pearson, “On the Problem of the Most Efficient Tests of Statistical Hypotheses”(关于最有效假设检验的一系列经典论文)
  • George Casella & Roger L. Berger, Statistical Inference(《统计推断》)
  • David S. Moore, George P. McCabe 等, Introduction to the Practice of Statistics(《统计实践导论》)
  • David Salsburg, The Lady Tasting Tea(《品茶女郎:统计学如何改变科学》)
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