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Lysosome

定义 Definition

溶酶体：细胞内一种由膜包裹的小型细胞器，内含多种消化酶，主要负责分解废物、旧细胞结构、入侵的病原体，并参与细胞“回收利用”（自噬等过程）。

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/lassom/

例句 Examples

Lysosomes break down waste inside cells.
溶酶体在细胞内分解废物。

When lysosomes fail to work properly, harmful materials can build up and cause disease.
当溶酶体不能正常工作时，有害物质可能在体内累积并引发疾病。

词源 Etymology

lysosome由两部分构成：lyso- 来自希腊语 lysis（“分解、溶解”），**-some** 来自希腊语 sōma（“身体”）。合起来字面意思接近“用于分解的‘小体/结构’”，符合其在细胞中负责消化分解的功能。该术语在20世纪随着细胞生物学发展而普及。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著名作品 Literary / Notable Works

Christian de Duve, A Guided Tour of the Living Cell（科普著作中多处讨论溶酶体的发现与功能）
Bruce Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell（经典教材，系统介绍溶酶体及相关细胞过程）
Neil A. Campbell et al., Campbell Biology（常见入门教材，讲解溶酶体在细胞消化与自噬中的作用）

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