New study reveals how high blood sugar makes lung infections worse; the findings may lead to a strategy for reversing this susceptibility
新研究揭露，高血糖如何使得肺部感染化；此些研究可能引出一，逆易感染性的策略。
For decades, it has been known that people with diabetes are at a substantially increased risk of developing severe lung disease if they become infected with viruses such as influenza, as well as with bacteria and fungi.
十年，已是所周知，除了菌及真菌外，糖尿病患者倘若也感染流感等病毒，冒有增加罹患重肺部疾病的。
When the COVID-19 pandemic started in early 2020, this mysterious phenomenon gained even more pressing importance: It became clear that people with diabetes were at a significantly higher risk of coming down with severe, even fatal, lung disease after developing a serious form of the virus, but no one understood why.
2019冠病毒症(COVID-19：Coronavirus Disease-19)大流行病，於2020初始，此解的事象增添了，更加急迫的重要性：很明，糖尿病患者，在感染一重的病毒後，冒有著罹患重、甚至致命之肺部疾病的。不，人解原因。
In fact, some 35 percent of people with COVID-19 who died during the pandemic had diabetes.
事上，在大流行病期，死亡的COVID-19患者，大35%具有糖尿病。
Now, research conducted at the Weizmann Instituteof Science and published in Nature has revealed how, in diabetics, high levels of blood sugar disrupt the function of key cell subsets in the lungs that regulate the immune response. It also identifies a potential strategy for reversing this susceptibility and saving lives.
於以色列魏茨曼科研究所行，且目前表於《自然》期刊的研究已揭露，於糖尿病患者中，高水平的血糖如何，於肺部免疫反之胞子群的功能。也了一，逆易感染性及拯救生命的在策略。
Prof. Eran Elinav’s team in his lab at Weizmann, headed by Drs. Samuel Nobs, Aleksandra Kolodziejczyk and Suhaib K. Abdeen, subjected multiple mouse models of types 1 and 2 diabetes to a variety of viral lung infections.
Eran Elinav教授在其魏茨曼科研究所室，由Drs. Samuel Nobs、Aleksandra Kolodziejczyk及Suhaib K. Abdeen的，使多1型及2型糖尿病小鼠模型，曝露於多病毒性肺部感染。
Just as in diabetic humans, in all these models the diabetic mice developed a severe, fatal lung infection following exposure to lung pathogens such as influenza. The immune reaction, which in nondiabetics eliminates the infection and drives tissue healing, was severely impaired in the diabetic mice, leading to uncontrolled infection, lung damage and eventual death.
就如同具糖尿病的人般，於所有此些模型中，在曝露於如流感等肺部病原後，具糖尿病之小鼠出了，重的致命肺部感染。在不具糖尿病的小鼠中，消除感染促合的免疫反，在具糖尿病的小鼠中，重受，致不受控制的感染、肺部及最死亡。
Next, to decode the basis of this heightened risk, the team performed an evaluation of gene expression on the level of individual cells, in more than 150,000 single lung cells of infected diabetic and nondiabetic mice.
接著，了破解高的原因，行了，在多於15感染糖尿病不具糖尿病小鼠的一肺胞中，各胞之基因表的估。
The researchers also performed an extensive array of experiments involving immune and metabolic mechanisms, as well as an in-depth assessment of immune cell gene expression in infected diabetic mice.
除了於感染糖尿病小鼠中，行免疫胞基因表的深入估之外，此些研究人也行了，泛系列之涉及免疫力及代制的。
In the diabetic mice they identified a dysfunction of certain lung dendritic cells, the immune cells that orchestrate a targeted immune response against pathogenic infection.
於具糖尿病的小鼠中，他了，某些肺部突胞的一功能障。此些免疫胞，抗病原感染的靶免疫反。
“High blood sugar levels severely disrupt certain subsets of dendritic cells in the lung, preventing these gatekeepers from sending the molecular messages that activate the critically important immune response,” says Nobs, a postdoctoral fellow who was the study’s first author. “As a result, the infection rages on, uncontrolled.”
研究首要撰文人，博士後特研究，Nobs宣：「高血糖水平重，肺部突胞的某些子群，阻了此些守胞，出激活至重要之免疫反的分子息。」
Importantly, the scientists discovered how high sugar levels in diabetic mice disrupt the normal function of lung dendritic cells during infection. Altered sugar metabolism in these cells led to the accumulation of metabolic byproducts that markedly disrupted the normal regulation of gene expression, leading to aberrant immune protein production.
重要的是，此些科家了，於具糖尿病之小鼠中，在感染期，高糖水平如何肺突胞的正常功能。改了，於此些胞中，糖的新代，致使著基因表正常之代副物的累，而致生常的免疫蛋白。
“This could explain why the functioning of these cells is disturbed in diabetes, and why the immune system is unable to generate an effective anti-infection defense,” says Kolodziejczyk, a postdoctoral fellow who co-led the study as a first coauthor.
共同研究，兼首要合撰人的博士後特研究，Kolodziejczyk宣：「能解，何此些胞的功能，在糖尿病中受到，及何免疫系法生，有效的抗感染防。」
The scientists next explored ways to prevent the harmful effects of high sugar levels in lung dendritic cells, as a means of lowering the infection’s risk in diabetic animals.
接著，此些科家探索了，阻高糖水平，於肺部突胞中，有害之影的方法，作於具糖尿病物中，降低感染的一方法。
Indeed, tight control of blood sugar levels by insulin supplementation prompted the dendritic cells to regain their capacity to generate a protective immune response that could prevent the cascade of events leading to a severe, life-threatening viral lung infection.
上，藉由充胰素，格控制血糖水平促使了，突胞恢生一，能防止致重、危及生命的病毒性肺部感染之事件的保性免疫反能力。
Alternatively, administration of small molecules reversing the sugar-induced regulatory impairment corrected the dendritic cells’ dysfunction and enabled them to generate a protective immune response despite the presence of high sugar levels.
要不，施予逆糖之的小分子正了，突胞的功能障且使它，管存在高糖水平，也能生保性免疫反。
“Correcting blood sugar levels, or using drugs to reverse the gene regulatory impairment induced by high sugar, enabled our team to get the dendritic cells’ function back to normal,” says Abdeen, a senior intern who co-supervised the study. “This was very exciting because it means that it might be possible to block diabetes-induced susceptibility to viral lung infections and their devastating consequences.”
共同督研究的最高年生，Abdeen宣：「正血糖水平，或使用物逆高糖引起的基因控，使咱能使突胞的功能恢正常。是令人振的。因意味著，或有可能阻止，糖尿病引起之病毒性肺部感染的易感染性，及其破性後果。」
1. 糖尿病小鼠(右)的肺具有，比非糖尿病物(左)更少的免疫胞(紫色小)
Lung tissue of a diabetic mouse (right) contains fewer immune cells (small purple dots) than that of a non-diabetic animal (left)
With over 500 million people around the world affected by diabetes, and with diabetes incidence expected to rise over the next decades, the new research has significant, promising clinical implications.
由於，全球超5人受到糖尿病侵，及於未十年，糖尿病生率上升。因此，新研究具有重要、有指望的床意涵。
“Our findings provide, for the first time, an explanation as to why diabetics are more susceptible to respiratory infection,” Elinav says. “Controlling sugar levels may make it possible to reduce this pronounced diabetes-associated risk.
Elinav宣：「我的研究首次提供了，有何糖尿病患者，容易受到呼吸道感染的一解。控制血糖水平使其可能降低，明糖尿病相的。」
In diabetic patients whose sugar levels are not easily normalized, small molecule drugs may correct the gene alterations caused by high sugar levels, potentially alleviating or even preventing severe lung infection.
在血糖水平不易正常化的糖尿病患者中，小分子物可以正，高血糖引起的基因改，而在上、或甚至防止重的肺部感染。
Local administration of such treatments by inhalation may minimize adverse effects while enhancing effectiveness, and merits future human clinical testing.”
此由吸入之法的局部施予，能使面影至最少，同提高有效性。因此，值得未的人床。」
址：https://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/life-sciences/why-people-diabetes-are-more-prone-respiratory-risk
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