Aryn Baker
Thu, December 2, 2021, 11:57 PM·4 min read
1. 乳牛殖是甲烷排放的重要源，是候一力的室促成因素。 (援用自原文)
One of the early, attention-grabbing announcements at November’s COP climate conference in Glasgow was a commitment by more than 105 countries to join a U.S.- and E.U.-led coalition to cut 30% of methane emissions by 2030.
於2021年11月，在英格格拉斯哥市行之(COP：Conference of the Parties)的候上，早期引人注目的公告之一是，超 105家承加入美及盟的盟，到2030年，甲烷排放量少30%。
The potent greenhouse gas, which is up to 80 times more effective at heating the planet than carbon dioxide in the short term, has often been considered the lowest hanging fruit when it comes to slowing down global warming. The COP pledges alone would slash warming projections by 0.2°C by the 2040s, according to the United Nations Global Methane Assessment.
於短期，在加地球方面，比二氧化碳更有效高80倍的力室，到全球暖化，已常被是最低垂的果。根合全球甲烷估，的承可能，到2040年代，暖化削0.2°C。
But that low-hanging fruit is starting to rot. A new report produced by the FAIRR Initiative, an investor network worth about $45 trillion that is focused on the environmental, social and governance risks and opportunities of intensive livestock production, hows that the meat and dairy industries (including livestock suppliers to McDonalds, Walmart and Costco) is undermining COP26 pledges on methane reduction, by not tracking their own emissions and by failing to track those of their third-party suppliers.
不，那低垂的果正始腐。一由一值大45兆美元的投者，著重於密集畜牧生的境、社及管理之物投回(FAIRR： Farm Animal Investment Risk and Return )倡提出的告示，肉及乳品(包括提供、沃及好市多的牲畜供商)正在破，第26(COP26)有少甲烷的承，因他有追自己的排放量，也有追第三方供商的排放量。
Cows and other ruminants release methane as a byproduct of their digestive process. A single cow can release around 250-500 liters of methane a day. More methane is produced when the animals’ waste is collected in holding ponds, a typical practice for large scale industrial meat producers.
甲烷是乳牛及其他反物，在消化程中，放出的副品。一乳牛，一天放大250-500公升的甲烷。物排泄物被收集在存池中，生更多的甲烷。是大型之肉生商，典型的常做法。
The one billion cows used in the global meat and dairy industries, combined with other animals raised for livestock, are responsible for releasing the methane equivalent of some 3.1 gigatons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year—accounting for some 44% of global anthropogenic methane.
全球肉及乳品使用10乳牛，加上畜牧的其他物，是致相於每年，大31二氧化碳之甲烷，放到大中的原因。大占全球，由人活引起之甲烷的44%。
If the global livestock industry were its own country, it would be the world’s third-biggest greenhouse gas emitter, falling between U.S. and India when it comes to total greenhouse gas emissions.
到室排放量，倘若全球畜牧是家，它是介於美印度之的世界第三大室排放。
According to the Coller FAIRR Protein Producer Index, which assesses sustainability in the factory farming sector, the industry isn’t making much of an effort to do anything about it. This year’s report found that only 18% of global meat and dairy producers are tracking their methane emissions at all. And of the companies tracking their emissions, one in four actually saw an increase this year.
根估工化部可持性之Coller物投回的蛋白生者指，有行太多的努力，此做任何事情。今年的告，全球肉及乳品生者，竟然18%追其甲烷排放量。 不，在追排放量的公司中，上四分之一的公司，今年有所增加。
“The ambitions set at COP26 handed a big slice of responsibility to the food and agriculture sector,” says Jeremy Coller, chair of the FAIRR investor network. “We cannot deliver the COP26 commitments without addressing the protein supply chain…yet failures from methane to manure management underline the growing sense in the market that cows are the new coal.”
FAIRR投者的主席，Jeremy CollerCOP26上所定渴望到的目，很大一部分的任，交予了食及部。有面蛋白供，我就法COP26的承……然而，甲烷到便管理的失策，突了於市中，日益增之乳牛是新煤炭的意。」
The Index, now in its fourth year, assesses 60 global and publicly-listed animal protein producers—worth a combined $363 billion—against 10 environmental, social and governance-related factors including greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, antibiotic usage and investment in alternative proteins.
目前，入第四年的上述指，包括室排放、森林砍伐、抗生素使用及在替代蛋白方面的投等，10境、社及管理相因素，估了值3630美元之60家全球及公上市的物蛋白生商。
FAIRR releases the results publicly so that its investors, as well as others, can assess the sustainability and climate commitments of companies in their portfolios.
FAIRR公此些果，以便其投者及其他人，能估在其投合中，公司的可持性及候承。
It also provides an industry benchmark, and an incentive for improvement. “If we are to avoid the meat and dairy sector becoming a stranded asset, we must harness the leadership emerging in parts of the industry and transform the way our food, particularly protein, is produced,” says Coller.
它也提供了基及改的因。Coller宣：「倘若我要避免肉及乳品成一於困境的，我必利用在此部分中，新的地位，改我生食物的方式，特是蛋白。」
Some of the companies assessed are ramping up investment into sustainable feed ingredients. Even though the world’s largest beef supplier, Brazil’s JBS, is not doing well when it comes to tracking emissions, it is taking steps to limit methane by partnering with the Netherlands-based feed additive company DSM to help cattle reduce their emissions through the use of a new food supplement.
一些接受估的公司正在投，大到可承受的料原料。即使世界上最大的牛肉供商，巴西JBS股份有限公司，在追排放量方面表也不佳。不，它正藉由荷料添加公司DSM合作，正取多限制甲烷的措施。透使用一新的食品充，助牛少排放量。
Of course, this still does not solve the problem of land-use changes like deforestation linked to feeding cattle, which also contributes to increased carbon emissions.
然，仍然未解多改土地利用的。譬如，也致增加碳排放之牛有的森林砍伐。
The meat and dairy industries’ slow embrace of methane tracking and reduction mechanisms is ironic, given they are likely to be two of the industrial sectors most rapidly and catastrophically impacted by climate change. According to the FAIRR report, at least seven of the 60 companies are already reporting climate-related financial impacts.
於肉品及乳品，可能是遭候最迅速及性影的部。不，具有刺意味的是，它有甲烷追及少制的慢慨然允。根FAIRR的告，60家公司中，至少有7家已提出了，候相之影的告。
The U.S. based Tyson Foods’ operating income decreased $410 million year-over-year in the first nine months of 2021, in large part due to severe weather disruptions.
部位於美之泰森食品公司的收入，2021年前九月同期相，下降了4.1美元。很大部分是，由於劣天的。
Brazilian company BRF, one of the biggest food conglomerates in the world, estimates that climatically-influenced changes in precipitation rates are already resultingin annual losses of up to $140 million as the cost of feed increases.
世界上最大的食品集之一，巴西BRF公司估，受到候影之降水率方面的改，著料成本的增加，已致每年高1.4美元的失。
“The science is clear that to avoid runaway climate change, high-emitting sectors such as agriculture must transform themselves in the next decade,” says Eugenie Mathieu, Senior Analyst at Aviva Investors, which is part of the FAIRR network.
是FAIRR一部分之Aviva Investors(部位於英敦，Aviva集的管理公司)的高分析，Eugenie Mathieu宣：「此科很清楚，了避免失控的候，如的高排放部，在未十年，必自行型。」
“Eighty-six percent of the world’s biggest meat and dairy suppliers are still failing to set meaningful reductions targets for emissions, which is enormously unhelpful given that extreme weather events are increasingly hurting the bottom lines of these companies. Investors can play their part by demanding that the animal protein producers they invest in step up to the plate and make change happen more quickly.”
「世界最大的肉及乳品供商，86%仍未制定有意的排目，於端天事件日益破些公司的底，是非常益的。投者能藉由要求，他投的物蛋白生商，取行及使改更快生，扮演他的角色。」
址：https://news.yahoo.com/cows-coal-cattle-industry-ignoring-155725833.html
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