V2EX transposon

Transposon

定义 Definition

transposon(转座子):一种能够在基因组中从一个位置“跳”到另一个位置的DNA序列(有些通过RNA中间体转移)。它可能引起基因突变、改变基因表达,也推动基因组进化。(也常被称为“跳跃基因 / 可移动遗传元件”。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/trnspozn/

例句 Examples

Transposons can move to different places in DNA.
转座子可以移动到DNA的不同位置。

When a transposon inserts itself near a gene, it may disrupt the gene’s function or change how strongly it is expressed, sometimes leading to disease or new traits.
当转座子插入到某个基因附近时,可能破坏该基因的功能,或改变其表达强度,从而有时导致疾病或产生新的性状。

词源 Etymology

transposontranspose(移位、换位) + -on(表示粒子/单位的后缀,常见于科学术语)构成,字面意思是“能移位的遗传单位”。该概念与巴巴拉麦克林托克(Barbara McClintock)对“可移动遗传元件”的研究密切相关,后来在分子遗传学中广泛使用这一术语。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作 Literary Works

  • The Selfish Gene(Richard Dawkins)讨论基因与复制单位时常提及转座子等遗传元素。
  • Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters(Matt Ridley)介绍基因组结构与变异机制时涉及转座子。
  • The Gene: An Intimate History(Siddhartha Mukherjee)在讲述遗传学史与基因调控时提到“跳跃基因/转座子”的意义。
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell(Alberts 等)经典教材,系统讲解转座子与转座机制。
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