准备工作

• 购买域名：http://name.com/
• 购买一台云服务器, 提供商: 阿里云，AWS
• 域名绑定 IP 为服务器 IP 地址

本文介绍的内容为：服务器 ubuntu16.04, Rails 项目，mina 发布

安装 rails 环境

• 使用 root 账号登录服务器，创建一个没有 root 权限账号。

adduser newuser 

设置新用户密码

配置 ssh

在本地生成 SSH KEY （如果已经有了，可以忽略这步。）

• 打开终端

• 用你自己的邮箱地址替换下面的命令，并执行

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]" 

• 执行这条命令时，系统会提示你输入要保存密钥的文件位置及安全 passphrase，请按 Enter 键就行了。

生成完之后，在 ~/.ssh/ 目录下会添加两个文件，默认情况下一个私钥 id_rsa, 一个公钥 id_rsa.pub.

配置无密码登录服务器

这一步是为了给 mina 发布提供方便，因为 mina 发布需要无密登录服务器，执行发布命令。

• 将公钥 id_rsa.pub 文件上传到服务器上, 并添加到 authorized_keys

$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]:~/.ssh/ $ ssh [email protected] $ cd ~/.ssh/ $ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys $ rm id_rsa.pub 

• 重新开一个终端, 登录服务器，如果无需输入密码登录成功，那配置上面的配置就成功了。

ssh [email protected] 

以上是配置 root 用户无密码登录， 同样给 newuser 用户配置成无密码登录。

• 登录 root 账号，将服务器上的 ssh 配置关掉密码登录

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 更新： PasswordAuthentication no 

为了确保能顺利安装 Rails，先要安装 Node.js 和 Yarn 的系统依赖

以下操作使用 root 账号执行

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo -E bash - curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install git-core curl zlib1g-dev build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev python-software-properties libffi-dev nodejs yarn 

安装 rbenv

以下操作使用 newuser 账号执行

cd git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc exec $SHELL git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc exec $SHELL rbenv install 2.4.3 rbenv global 2.4.3 ruby -v 

gem install bundler rbenv rehash 

配置 git 账号

以下操作使用 newuser 账号执行

• 用你的 github 账号信息，替换下面的用户名和邮箱，并执行

git config --global color.ui true git config --global user.name "YOUR NAME" git config --global user.email "[email protected]" ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]" 

在服务器上生成了 ssh key 后, 将下面命令输入的内容，复制后粘贴到你 github 账号SSH and GPG keys下：https://github.com/settings/keys

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 

• 测试 github 配置是否成功

ssh -T [email protected] 

如果成功会输出以下信息：

Hi kfzyutc! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access. 

安装 Rails

• 使用 newuser 账号执行以下命令

$ gem install rails -v 5.1.4 $ rbenv rehash $ rails -v # Rails 5.1.4 

安装 MySQL

• 使用 root 账号执行以下命令

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient-dev 

安装 PostgreSQL

• 使用 root 账号执行以下命令

sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ xenial-pgdg main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list" wget --quiet -O - http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install postgresql-common sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.5 libpq-dev 

postgres 安装不会为你设置一个用户，所以你需要按照以下步骤创建一个有权创建数据库的用户。 随意用你的用户名替换 chris。

sudo -u postgres createuser chris -s # If you would like to set a password for the user, you can do the following sudo -u postgres psql postgres=# \password chris 

配置 nginx

• 使用 root 账号登录服务器

• 将 home/newuser/xxx, xxx 的目录改成你发布项目的目录，将 example.com 改成你的域名。

upstream RBlog { server unix:///home/newuser/xxx/shared/tmp/sockets/puma.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /home/newuser/xxx/current/public; location ^~ /assets/ { gzip_static on; expires max; add_header Cache-Control public; } location /cable { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade"; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://xxx; } location ~ ^/(uploads)/ { expires max; break; } try_files $uri/index.html $uri @RBlog; location @xxx { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_redirect off; proxy_pass http://xxx; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html; client_max_body_size 20M; keepalive_timeout 10; } 

• 将以上更换后的配置信息，保存到 /etc/nginx/conf.d/ 目录下，命令为 xxx.conf xxx 用你想要的命名替换。

• 测试配置信息是否 OK

nginx -t # nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok # nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful 

• 重启 nginx

nginx -s restart 

发布 Rails 项目

如果你是用这个 模板 创建的 Rails 项目, 以下配置信息都已经添加了，只需要更新目录信息就行。

如果没有需要在 Gemfile 里添加这些 gem 包。

gem 'mina', '~>0.3.8', require: false gem 'mina-puma', '~>0.3.2', require: false gem 'mina-multistage', '~> 1.0', '>= 1.0.2', require: false gem 'mina-sidekiq', '~> 0.3.1', require: false gem 'mina-logs', '>= 0.1.0', require: false gem 'whenever', :require => false 

在你的 Rails 项目下配置 puma，config/puma.rb, 替换 /home/newuser/xxx 目录.

if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'production' app_root = "/home/newuser/xxx/shared" pidfile "#{app_root}/tmp/pids/puma.pid" state_path "#{app_root}/tmp/pids/puma.state" bind "unix://#{app_root}/tmp/sockets/puma.sock" activate_control_app "unix://#{app_root}/tmp/sockets/pumactl.sock" daemonize true workers 4 threads 8, 16 preload_app! on_worker_boot do ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection end end before_fork do ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.disconnect! end else plugin :tmp_restart end 

配置 deploy, config/deploy.rb

set :stages, %w(production staging utcprod) set :default_stage, 'staging' require 'mina/multistage' require 'mina/bundler' require 'mina/rails' require 'mina/git' require 'mina/rbenv' require 'mina/puma' require "mina_sidekiq/tasks" require 'mina/logs' require 'mina/whenever' set :shared_paths, ['config/database.yml', 'config/newrelic.yml', 'config/application.yml', 'log', 'public/uploads'] task :environment do invoke :'rbenv:load' end task :setup => :environment do queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/shared/tmp/sockets"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/shared/tmp/sockets"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/shared/tmp/pids"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/shared/tmp/pids"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/log"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/log"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/public/uploads"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/public/uploads"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config"] queue! %[touch "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config/application.yml"] queue %[echo "-----> Be sure to edit '#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config/application.yml'"] queue! %[touch "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config/database.yml"] queue %[echo "-----> Be sure to edit '#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config/database.yml'"] end desc "Deploys the current version to the server." task :deploy => :environment do queue %[echo "-----> Server: #{domain}"] queue %[echo "-----> Path: #{deploy_to}"] queue %[echo "-----> Branch: #{branch}"] deploy do invoke :'sidekiq:quiet' invoke :'git:clone' invoke :'deploy:link_shared_paths' invoke :'bundle:install' invoke :'rails:db_migrate' invoke :'rails:assets_precompile' invoke :'deploy:cleanup' to :launch do invoke :'puma:hard_restart' invoke :'sidekiq:restart' invoke :'whenever:update' end end end desc "Deploys the current version to the server." task :first_deploy => :environment do queue %[echo "-----> Server: #{domain}"] queue %[echo "-----> Path: #{deploy_to}"] queue %[echo "-----> Branch: #{branch}"] deploy do invoke :'git:clone' invoke :'deploy:link_shared_paths' invoke :'bundle:install' invoke :'deploy:cleanup' to :launch do invoke :'rails:db_create' end end end 

在 config/deploy/production.rb，将 domain, deploy_to, repository, branch, user 替换成你自己的信息。

set :domain, 'your.domain.com' set :deploy_to, '/home/newuser/xxx' set :repository, '[email protected]:xxx/xxx.git' set :branch, 'master' set :user, 'newuser' set :puma_config, ->{ "#{deploy_to}/#{current_path}/config/puma/production.rb" } 

这些配置信息更新好之后，提交到 github

首次发布

mina setup mina first_deploy 

后续发布

mina deploy 

本地查看生产环境日志

mina log 

本地登录生产环境数据库控制台

mina console 

本地登录服务器

mina ssh 

参考文档

Ubuntu 安装 Rails 环境: https://gorails.com/setup/ubuntu/16.04

Mina 配置: https://github.com/80percent/rails-template

原文: http://liuzhen.me/articles/17