V2EX statistical mechanics

Statistical Mechanics

释义 Definition

统计力学:用概率与统计方法研究由大量粒子(如气体分子、原子、自旋等)组成的系统,把微观粒子的运动规律与宏观可观测量(温度、压强、熵、热容等)联系起来的物理学分支。(也常与“统计物理”密切相关,侧重点略有差别。)

发音 Pronunciation

/sttstkl mknks/

例句 Examples

Statistical mechanics connects microscopic motion to temperature and pressure.
统计力学把微观运动与温度、压强等宏观量联系起来。

Using statistical mechanics, we can derive the ideal gas law by averaging over many particle states.
利用统计力学,我们可以通过对大量粒子状态取平均来推导理想气体定律。

词源 Etymology

statistical 源自 statistics(统计学;与“数据/总体”相关),强调用概率与平均意义上的规律来描述系统;mechanics 源自希腊语 mēkhanikē(机械学/力学),指研究运动与相互作用的规律。合起来,“statistical mechanics”字面义即“用统计方法处理的力学”,指以统计方式研究多粒子体系的力学与热学性质。

相关词 Related Words

文学与经典著作 Literary Works

  • Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics(J. Willard Gibbs)
  • Statistical Physics(Landau & Lifshitz,《理论物理学教程》相关卷)
  • Statistical Mechanics(R. K. Pathria & Paul D. Beale)
  • Statistical Mechanics(Kerson Huang)
  • The Principles of Statistical Mechanics(Richard C. Tolman)
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