V2EX rutherford scattering

Rutherford Scattering

释义 Definition

卢瑟福散射:指带电粒子(常见为α粒子)在接近原子核时,因与原子核的库仑斥力作用而发生的散射现象。它是理解原子核集中在原子中心这一模型的重要证据之一。(在更广义的物理语境中,也可指类似的库仑散射过程。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/rrfrd sktr/

例句 Examples

Rutherford scattering shows that most of the atom is empty space.
卢瑟福散射表明原子的大部分空间是空的。

By analyzing the angular distribution in Rutherford scattering, physicists inferred the existence of a tiny, positively charged nucleus.
通过分析卢瑟福散射中的角分布,物理学家推断出存在一个体积很小、带正电的原子核。

词源 Etymology

“Rutherford”来自新西兰物理学家欧内斯特卢瑟福(Ernest Rutherford)的姓氏;“scattering”意为“散射”。该术语与卢瑟福团队早期的散射实验及其解释密切相关,尤其与1911年前后建立的原子核模型传统相连。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的出现 Literary Works

  • Ernest Rutherford, “The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom” (Philosophical Magazine, 1911)
  • The Feynman Lectures on Physics(《费曼物理学讲义》)中关于散射与原子结构的章节
  • Introduction to Nuclear Physics(常见核物理教材)中关于卢瑟福公式与库仑散射的部分
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