V2EX percentile

Percentile

释义 Definition

百分位数;百分位点:在统计学中,把数据从小到大排列后,将其分成100等份的位置指标。某个percentile表示“有多少百分比的数据小于或等于这个值”。例如,第90百分位表示约有90%的观测值不超过该数。

发音 Pronunciation

/prsntal/

例句 Examples

The 50th percentile is the median.
第50百分位数就是中位数。

Her score is in the 90th percentile, meaning she performed better than about 90% of test takers.
她的分数处在第90百分位左右,意思是她的表现比大约90%的考生更好。

词源 Etymology

percentileper cent(百分之……)加上表示“……的分位/位置”的后缀 -ile(常见于统计术语)构成,字面意思可理解为“按百分比划分的位置”。该词主要用于统计学与教育测评等领域。

相关词 Related Words

文学作品与著名出处 Literary Works

  • John E. Freund, Mathematical Statistics(统计学教材中常用该术语讨论分布位置与分位点)
  • W. Paul Vogt, Dictionary of Statistics & Methodology(方法学与统计词典条目中收录并解释该词)
  • 众多标准化考试与测评报告(如教育测评、心理测量学文献)常以“Xth percentile”形式出现,用于解释成绩相对位置
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