V2EX mean free path

Mean Free Path

定义 Definition

mean free path(平均自由程):在气体、液体或等离子体中,一个粒子(如分子、原子、电子)两次碰撞之间平均走过的距离。常用于动理论、输运现象与真空技术中。(在某些语境下也可泛指“平均无碰撞行程”。)

发音 Pronunciation

/min fri pθ/

例句 Examples

In a vacuum, the mean free path of molecules becomes much longer.
在真空中,分子的平均自由程会变得长得多。

As temperature rises or pressure drops, the mean free path increases, affecting diffusion and heat conduction in the gas.
随着温度升高或压力降低,平均自由程会增大,从而影响气体中的扩散与导热。

词源与构词 Etymology

该短语由三部分构成:mean(平均的)+ free(无阻/无碰撞的,这里指“自由飞行”)+ path(路径/行程)。它源自19世纪气体分子运动论的发展,用来量化粒子在碰撞主导的介质中“能自由前进多远”。

相关词 Related Words

文学与名著中的用例 Literary & Notable Works

  • The Feynman Lectures on Physics(费曼《物理学讲义》)在分子运动论、输运与碰撞相关章节中讨论该概念。
  • James Clerk Maxwell(麦克斯韦)关于气体动力学的论文与著作(19世纪)以碰撞与分子运动为背景引入并使用相关思想。
  • Chapman & Cowling, The Mathematical Theory of Non-uniform Gases(《非均匀气体的数学理论》)系统阐述平均自由程与输运系数的关系。
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