V2EX histamine

Histamine

释义 Definition

组胺:一种由人体免疫细胞(如肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞)释放的生物活性胺,常参与过敏反应炎症反应,可引起血管扩张、皮肤瘙痒、打喷嚏、流鼻涕、胃酸分泌增加等。(在神经系统中也作为神经递质;此外在食物中也可能存在并引发“组胺不耐受”。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/hstmin/

例句 Examples

Antihistamines can reduce itching and sneezing during allergy season.
抗组胺药可以在过敏季减轻瘙痒和打喷嚏。

When the immune system detects a threat, mast cells release histamine, which increases blood flow and can cause swelling and redness.
当免疫系统检测到威胁时,肥大细胞会释放组胺,组胺会增加局部血流,从而可能引起肿胀和发红。

词源 Etymology

histamine 来自 **histo-**(与“组织”有关,源自希腊语 histos,意为“组织”)+ -amine(“胺”,指含氮的有机化合物类别)。字面含义可理解为“与组织相关的胺”,反映其最早在生物组织中被发现并研究的背景。

相关词 Related Words

文学作品 Literary Works

  • 《On Immunity》(免疫) Eula Biss:在讨论免疫系统、疫苗与身体反应时,常涉及过敏与免疫机制相关概念(可见“histamine”等术语在科普语境中的使用)。
  • 《The Emperor of All Maladies》(众病之王) Siddhartha Mukherjee:作为医学科普作品,书中在讲述疾病与治疗、免疫与炎症相关内容时,可能出现包括“histamine”在内的生物医学术语。
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