准备工作 本文介绍的内容为：服务器 ubuntu16.04, Rails 项目，mina 发布
安装 rails 环境
- 使用 root 账号登录服务器，创建一个没有 root 权限的账号。
adduser newuser
设置新用户密码
配置 ssh
在本地生成 SSH KEY （如果已经有了，可以忽略这步。）
-
打开终端
-
用你自己的邮箱地址替换下面的命令，并执行
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
- 执行这条命令时，系统会提示你输入要保存密钥的文件位置及安全 passphrase，请按 Enter 键就行了。
生成完之后，在 ~/.ssh/ 目录下会添加两个文件，默认情况下一个私钥 id_rsa, 一个公钥 id_rsa.pub.
配置无密码登录服务器
这一步是为了给 mina 发布提供方便，因为 mina 发布需要无密登录服务器，执行发布命令。
- 将公钥
id_rsa.pub 文件上传到服务器上, 并添加到 authorized_keys
$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@your.domain.com:~/.ssh/ $ ssh root@your.domain.com $ cd ~/.ssh/ $ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys $ rm id_rsa.pub
- 重新开一个终端, 登录服务器，如果无需输入密码登录成功，那配置上面的配置就成功了。
ssh root@your.domain.com
以上是配置 root 用户无密码登录， 同样给 newuser 用户配置成无密码登录。
- 登录
root 账号，将服务器上的 ssh 配置关掉密码登录
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 更新： PasswordAuthentication no
为了确保能顺利安装 Rails，先要安装 Node.js 和 Yarn 的系统依赖
以下操作使用 root 账号执行
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo -E bash - curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install git-core curl zlib1g-dev build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev python-software-properties libffi-dev nodejs yarn
安装 rbenv
以下操作使用 newuser 账号执行
cd git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc exec $SHELL git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc exec $SHELL rbenv install 2.4.3 rbenv global 2.4.3 ruby -v
gem install bundler rbenv rehash
配置 git 账号
以下操作使用 newuser 账号执行
- 用你的 github 账号信息，替换下面的用户名和邮箱，并执行
git config --global color.ui true git config --global user.name "YOUR NAME" git config --global user.email "YOUR@EMAIL.com" ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "YOUR@EMAIL.com"
在服务器上生成了 ssh key 后, 将下面命令输入的内容，复制后粘贴到你 github 账号SSH and GPG keys下：https://github.com/settings/keys
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh -T git@github.com
如果成功会输出以下信息：
Hi kfzyutc! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
安装 Rails
$ gem install rails -v 5.1.4 $ rbenv rehash $ rails -v # Rails 5.1.4
安装 MySQL
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient-dev
安装 PostgreSQL
sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ xenial-pgdg main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list" wget --quiet -O - http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install postgresql-common sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.5 libpq-dev
postgres 安装不会为你设置一个用户，所以你需要按照以下步骤创建一个有权创建数据库的用户。 随意用你的用户名替换 chris。
sudo -u postgres createuser chris -s # If you would like to set a password for the user, you can do the following sudo -u postgres psql postgres=# \password chris
配置 nginx
upstream RBlog { server unix:///home/newuser/xxx/shared/tmp/sockets/puma.sock fail_timeout=0; } server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /home/newuser/xxx/current/public; location ^~ /assets/ { gzip_static on; expires max; add_header Cache-Control public; } location /cable { proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade"; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_pass http://xxx; } location ~ ^/(uploads)/ { expires max; break; } try_files $uri/index.html $uri @RBlog; location @xxx { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_redirect off; proxy_pass http://xxx; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html; client_max_body_size 20M; keepalive_timeout 10; }
nginx -t # nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok # nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
nginx -s restart
发布 Rails 项目
如果你是用这个 模板 创建的 Rails 项目, 以下配置信息都已经添加了，只需要更新目录信息就行。
如果没有需要在 Gemfile 里添加这些 gem 包。
gem 'mina', '~>0.3.8', require: false gem 'mina-puma', '~>0.3.2', require: false gem 'mina-multistage', '~> 1.0', '>= 1.0.2', require: false gem 'mina-sidekiq', '~> 0.3.1', require: false gem 'mina-logs', '>= 0.1.0', require: false gem 'whenever', :require => false
在你的 Rails 项目下配置 puma，config/puma.rb, 替换 /home/newuser/xxx 目录.
if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'production' app_root = "/home/newuser/xxx/shared" pidfile "#{app_root}/tmp/pids/puma.pid" state_path "#{app_root}/tmp/pids/puma.state" bind "unix://#{app_root}/tmp/sockets/puma.sock" activate_control_app "unix://#{app_root}/tmp/sockets/pumactl.sock" daemonize true workers 4 threads 8, 16 preload_app! on_worker_boot do ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection end end before_fork do ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.disconnect! end else plugin :tmp_restart end
配置 deploy, config/deploy.rb
set :stages, %w(production staging utcprod) set :default_stage, 'staging' require 'mina/multistage' require 'mina/bundler' require 'mina/rails' require 'mina/git' require 'mina/rbenv' require 'mina/puma' require "mina_sidekiq/tasks" require 'mina/logs' require 'mina/whenever' set :shared_paths, ['config/database.yml', 'config/newrelic.yml', 'config/application.yml', 'log', 'public/uploads'] task :environment do invoke :'rbenv:load' end task :setup => :environment do queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/shared/tmp/sockets"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/shared/tmp/sockets"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/shared/pids"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/shared/tmp/pids"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/shared/tmp/pids"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/log"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/log"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/public/uploads"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/public/uploads"] queue! %[mkdir -p "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config"] queue! %[chmod g+rx,u+rwx "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config"] queue! %[touch "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config/application.yml"] queue %[echo "-----> Be sure to edit '#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config/application.yml'"] queue! %[touch "#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config/database.yml"] queue %[echo "-----> Be sure to edit '#{deploy_to}/#{shared_path}/config/database.yml'"] end desc "Deploys the current version to the server." task :deploy => :environment do queue %[echo "-----> Server: #{domain}"] queue %[echo "-----> Path: #{deploy_to}"] queue %[echo "-----> Branch: #{branch}"] deploy do invoke :'sidekiq:quiet' invoke :'git:clone' invoke :'deploy:link_shared_paths' invoke :'bundle:install' invoke :'rails:db_migrate' invoke :'rails:assets_precompile' invoke :'deploy:cleanup' to :launch do invoke :'puma:hard_restart' invoke :'sidekiq:restart' invoke :'whenever:update' end end end desc "Deploys the current version to the server." task :first_deploy => :environment do queue %[echo "-----> Server: #{domain}"] queue %[echo "-----> Path: #{deploy_to}"] queue %[echo "-----> Branch: #{branch}"] deploy do invoke :'git:clone' invoke :'deploy:link_shared_paths' invoke :'bundle:install' invoke :'deploy:cleanup' to :launch do invoke :'rails:db_create' end end end
在 config/deploy/production.rb，将 domain, deploy_to, repository, branch, user 替换成你自己的信息。
set :domain, 'your.domain.com' set :deploy_to, '/home/newuser/xxx' set :repository, 'git@github.com:xxx/xxx.git' set :branch, 'master' set :user, 'newuser' set :puma_config, ->{ "#{deploy_to}/#{current_path}/config/puma/production.rb" }
这些配置信息更新好之后，提交到 github
首次发布
mina setup mina first_deploy
后续发布
mina deploy
本地查看生产环境日志
mina log
本地登录生产环境数据库控制台
mina console
本地登录服务器
mina ssh
参考文档
Ubuntu 安装 Rails 环境: https://gorails.com/setup/ubuntu/16.04
Mina 配置: https://github.com/80percent/rails-template
原文: http://liuzhen.me/articles/17
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