V2EX electron density

Electron Density

释义 Definition

electron density电子密度。在物理与化学中常指某一位置或区域内电子分布的“多少”。在量子化学里通常表示电子在空间中的概率/电荷分布(常用 \( \rho(\mathbf{r}) \) 表示);在某些工程或等离子体语境中也可指单位体积内的电子数密度

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/lk.trn dn.s.ti/

例句 Examples

The electron density is higher near the nucleus.
电子密度在原子核附近更高。

Changes in electron density along the bond help explain why this molecule is polar and where it is most reactive.
键上电子密度的变化有助于解释该分子为何具有极性,以及它在何处最容易发生反应。

词源 Etymology

electron 源自希腊语 ēlektron(“琥珀”),早期与静电现象有关;density 来自拉丁语 densitas(“稠密、密度”)。合在一起,electron density 字面义为“电子的稠密程度”,后来在量子力学与量子化学中发展为描述电子空间分布的关键概念。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary Works

  • The Feynman Lectures on Physics(费曼《物理学讲义》)
  • David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics(《量子力学导论》)
  • Ira N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry(《量子化学》)
  • Parr & Yang, Density-Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules(《原子与分子的密度泛函理论》)
  • Szabo & Ostlund, Modern Quantum Chemistry(《现代量子化学》)
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